108年內軌三等消防警察專業英文解析
以下是108年內軌三等消防警察的英文解析，希望對同學帶來幫助：
一、中譯英：（10 分）
因為結構火災的數量減少，消防員得到的火勢壓制經驗越來越少。沒有現實的訓練，消防員應付火災現場的準備將會愈加不足。
Due to the decreased number of structural fires, firemen’s experiences of suppressing fires would be fewer and fewer. Without trainings in real life, firemen’s preparation to respond to the fire scene would be less and less sufficient.
二、英文作文：（15 分）
你受邀前往一個社區向住戶說明火災逃生的方式。請依你的消防專業說明濃煙逃生及火巷逃生的方法、步驟、差異及注意事項。
When you encounter a fire accident occurring in your residence, here are some tips for you to survive. There are two occasions of survival: Escaping the heavy smoke and escaping along fire alleys, and here are some guidelines for you.
After you hear the warning of fire detectors, prepare to escape immediately! When you move forward, you might encounter some incoming heavy smokes, the top source of threat that claims people’s lives. When you see a closed door, don’t open it recklessly or the high temperature would scald your hand. Make sure you touch the doorknob first, if you find it hot, that means the other side full of flames. Jam the cracks of the door to prevent heavy smokes from infiltrating into the location where you are, and head to the balcony where the firemen can see you, and you’ll be saved after the fireman reaches you by using the ladder.
When you’re escaping, make sure to head to the first door instead toward the attic. Due to the fast speed of spreading heavy smokes, you will never overtake it and suffocate once the heavy smoke reaches you, so escaping downward would be better. If you see the rising heavy smokes, don’t go downstairs. Just find where the emergency stairs are, and you’ll probably survive after going downstairs and landing on the fire alley.
41 Smoke alarms double the chance of your family ____（D）___a fire, so it goes without saying that you should have several. (A)building (B)circulating (C)igniting (D)surviving
煙霧警報器能夠將你家人________的機會增加兩倍，想當然耳你平時就應該具備好幾個這樣的東西。
（A）建造 （B）循環 （C）點燃 （D）存活
42 Firefighting is a highly technical profession which requires years of training and education to become ____（C）___in. (A)fraudulent (B)confidential (C)proficient (D)vulnerable
當消防員是一種高度講求技術的行業，需要花費好幾年時間的訓練和教育，你才能________這門行業的技術。
(A) 欺詐的 （B）機密的 （C）精通於 （D）易受傷害的
43 Fire in the air is one of the most ____（B）___situations that a flight crew can be faced with. (A)conventional (B)hazardous (C)legendary (D)rewarding
空氣中的火苗是最_______的處境，也是機組人員會面對的處境。
（A）傳統的 （B）危險的 （C）傳說的 （D）有意義的
44 The government’s cameras are everywhere in China, and the __（C）_____ is as much about intimidation as monitoring. (A) feedback (B) plight (C) surveillance (D) trauma
在中國，政府在遍地設置了各種攝像頭（攝影機），如此_______不但是恫嚇，也是監視。
（A）反饋 （B）困境 （C）監視 （D）創傷
45 The demands of firefighting can be ____（D）___ and unpredictable with intermittent periods of intense physical and psychological stress.
(A) disingenuous (B) congenital (C) pristine (D) sporadic
由於人們對於消防的需求不但是______，也變得無法預測。間歇期間帶來的生理和心理壓力較為強烈。
（A）不夠誠實的 （B）天生的 （C）純樸的 （D）零星的
46 Thousands of Parisians watched in horror from behind police cordons as a ferocious ____（A）___ devastated Notre Dame Cathedral.
(A) blaze (B) breeze (C) broth (D) brute
一場兇猛的_______燒燬了巴黎聖母院，警方隨即用封鎖線圍住現場，好幾千名巴黎人目睹了這一切景象後，無不膽戰心驚。
（A）大火 （B）微風 （C）肉湯 （D）野蠻的
47 A major aspect of testing system ____（B）___ is by testing for required functions during fire safety systems’ commissioning.
(A) imbalance (B) integration (C) invalidation (D) impairment
_______測試系統的其中一項方面，便是在調試火災安全系統時，順便測試必要的功能。
（A）不平衡 （B）整合 （C）失效 （D）損傷
48 The central regulations and codes in Taiwan are typical used in ____（D）___ with other local rules to address risks from inadequate maintenance of fire safety systems in buildings.
(A) comparison (B) compliance (C) consideration (D) conjunction
部分大樓中消防安全系統的維持效率令人堪憂，因此台灣的中央法規和規範將________其他地方法規，再用來應對相關風險。
（A）比較 （B）遵守 （C）考慮 （D）結合
49 The air movement caused by the elevator cars ascending or descending within the shafts can force air through the elevator shaft doors into the floor space. This is known as the “____（A）___.”
(A) Piston Effect (B) Side Effect (C)Stack Effect (D)Toxic Effect
電梯轎廂在豎井內上升或下降時所產生的空氣活動，可迫使空氣從電梯豎井門流入樓層空間，此種現象稱作”________”。
（A）活塞效應 （B）副作用 （C）煙囪效應 （D）毒性作用
50 The concept of “____（A）___” in trauma care during Emergency Medical Services originated to address those patients with massive internal bleeding.
(A)Scoop and Run (B) Stay and Play (C) Stay and Run (D) Scoop and Play
在進行緊急醫療服務期間，________的觀念，已應用於創傷護理中，以應對病人體內大量出血的狀況。
（A）將患者送至醫院而不經過任何醫療處理
（B）留下並且遊玩
（C）留下並且跑走
（D）舀起並且遊玩
請依下文回答第51題至55題:
Historically, physicists created a graphical representation detailing the elements of fire (fire triangle). In recent years, one more point has been added, 51____（B）____ the fire tetrahedron. The four elements needed to 52____（C）____ combustion are: fuel, oxygen, heat and a chemical chain reaction. To extinguish a fire, it is 53____（B）____ to remove one or more of the four components of combustion. Removing any of these components of the fire tetrahedron will stop the other elements from interacting and not allow combustion to 54 ___（B）_____. Firefighters work on limiting 55____（D）____ (fuel that is in jeopardy of being ignited by nearby flame or from radiant heat), containing and extinguishing fire and then overhauling charred and burned debris from the affected areas as well as extinguishing all hidden fires to prevent a rekindle.
歷史上，物理學家已想出了一種圖形表示法，將火焰成分（火三角）詳細進行了說明，最近幾年又新增了一個關鍵點，也因此才51_______出了火四面體的概念。要52________燃燒狀態的四項成分，分別是：燃料，氧氣，熱能，以及化學連鎖反應。要撲滅火源的話，將四種燃燒要素的其中一項或兩項摘除，是53_______步驟。凡是將火四面體的這些要素的任何一項進行去除的話，就能阻止其餘要素進行反應，燃燒現象也不再54________。消防員的工作，便是限制物質55_______的程度（也就是燃料周圍有火焰或者散發輻射熱的情況下，經點燃後將帶來危險性。），火勢經控制後，他們隨即滅火，再從受影響區域當中，除了將燒焦或灼燒的殘骸進行全面性檢查之外，還要撲滅各種隱匿處的火焰，以避免再度產生引燃。
51 (A)boiling (B)creating (C)deleting (D)naming
（A）煮沸 （B）創造 （C）刪除 （D）命名
52 (A)prevent (B)repress (C)sustain (D)discharge
（A）假裝 （B）抑制 （C）維持 （D）排出
53 (A)forbidden (B)mandatory (C)tumultuous (D)stimulating
（A）被禁止的 （B）強制的 （C）混亂的 （D）激動人心的
54 (A)cease (B)proceed (C)halt (D)desist
（A）停止 （B）繼續 （C）停下 （D）打消念頭
55 (A)exhausts (B)expeditions (C)explosives (D)exposures
（A）廢氣 （B）遠征 （C）爆炸物 （D）接觸，暴露
請依下文回答第56題至第 60 題
Mark Finney at the US Forest Service and colleagues sometimes do the unthinkable. They go out into the bush and start a fire. But they’re not arsonists and these fires aren’t sprawling or highly destructive. They’re controlled burns of real vegetation that give scientists a better understanding of how flames leap from one branch to another. Studying that can help predict how real wildfires may spread.
Among the measurements Finney and his team take include the amount of time that flames spend burning in one area, how quickly they propagate through vegetation and what kind of heat exchange is going on as they do so. These experiments have taken place in New Zealand. The burn areas are cordoned off by barriers that stop the fire getting out of control.
“We have drones that fly over and give us a view of what’s going on from the air, we have cameras that are protected by an aluminum and insulation housing that allow you to put them inside the fire,” he says. “It usually takes a day or more to set up all the instruments and of course you have to have the weather conditions cooperating.”
It’s all part of a modern human quest – to know what makes fire tick. A supposedly crucial moment in the history of human evolution is the “discovery” of fire. But fire has been a natural occurrence on Earth since long before our ancestors took their first steps. And today, far from being something under our control, fire often takes the form of a man-made disaster. In the US, well over 80% of wildfires are started, usually accidentally, by people.
This year, like last year, many parts of the planet have experienced very hot and dry summers, sharply raising the chance of wildfires taking hold once ignited.
Woodlands have blazed in Greece, Sweden, and Siberia among other hotspots. The southwestern US state of California has just recorded its largest wildfire on record.
What if we’d known when and where these fires would start? Or how they would wax and wane? If we had such knowledge, we’d surely be better able to protect the towns and communities that are at risk from destruction.
Finney hopes that data from his experiments will improve the existing models that are used to project wildfire spread. Some of those models are too simplistic, he explains.
馬克.費尼在美國國家森林局工作，有時他和同事們的任務超乎一般人想象：他們進入灌木叢再點火。但他們可不是什麼縱火犯，且點燃的火焰也不會四處亂竄，更沒有強大破壞力。他們在植被上點火後，再控制火勢，使得科學家得以瞭解火焰從一根樹枝，躍過另外一根樹枝的過程。整體研究可用來預測實際野火的蔓延原理。
費尼和他帶領的隊伍所進行的測量項目，包含火焰從一處區域燃燒所花費的時間，火焰擴散整座植被的燃燒速度，以及實施過程中所發生的熱交換種類。這些實驗項目早在紐西蘭就實施過了，而這些燃燒過後的區域中，相關人員已用障礙物將這些地方封鎖起來，以防止火勢蔓延得一發不可收拾。
他還說：“我們還運用了無人機，飛行途中可讓我們從空中看見實驗的進展情況，而搭配的攝影機也由鋁製成的絕緣外殼保護著，如此一來這類玩意兒也能在火焰中來去自如。要設置一切儀器等設備的話，通常需要花費一天或更多天的時間，當然你也要看天氣給不給面子就是了。”
這些都是現代人們探索的一部分，無非是想瞭解火焰發揮作用的原理。據說人類演化歷史上最重要的時刻，就是發現了火。但是在地球上，早在我們老祖宗邁出第一步之前，火已經是自然現象了。然而直至今日，火卻以人為災害的方式發生，偏偏我們找不出方法控制火。在美國，有80%的野火，都是由於人們意外使用不當，而釀成的結果。
就和去年一樣，今年地球上的很多角落的人們，都經歷了相當炙熱又乾燥的夏天，星星之火可以燎原，這話真的沒錯！
希臘，瑞典，西伯利亞，還有其他地區的林地已發生過火災。而在美國西南部的加州所發生的最大野火，自歷史記錄以來可說是絕無僅有。
如果我們早些知道火焰何時何地開始燃燒，又知道火焰的興衰過程的話，那又會怎樣呢？如果我們能掌握這些知識的話，我們必定能夠以最佳效率保護各個城鎮以及社區，這些地方都能夠倖免於難。
費尼希望他作出的實驗資料等數據，能夠改善用來預測野火的現有模型，他還解釋說，那些模型已被過分簡化了。
56 Which of the following is the most appropriate title for this passage? （C）
（A）The Discovery of Fire by Humans.
（B）The Rise and Fall of Wildfires.
（C）The Quest to Predict and Stop the Spread of Wildfires.
（D）The Models of Predicting and Stopping Wildfires
以下哪一個選項，最適合作為本文的標題？
（A）人類發現的火
（B）野火的興衰
（C）人們對於預測以及阻止野火蔓延的探索
（D）用來預測以及阻止野火的模型
57 How does Finney find some of the existing models used to project wildfires spread? （D）
(A)Boring. (B) Thorny. (C) Perfect. (D)Simplistic.
對於那些用來預測野火蔓延情況的現有模型，費尼感覺如何？
（A）很無趣
（B）很棘手
（C）很完美
（D）簡化得很過分
58 What does the phrase “wax and wane” mean in this passage? （B）
(A) To appear and then disappear again
(B) To grow stronger and then weaker again
(C) To stop and then start again
(D) To die and become alive again
本文當中的詞語“興衰”是什麼意思？
（A）前一秒出現，後一秒又消失。
（B）前一秒茁壯，後一秒又衰落。
（C）前一秒止息，後一秒又開始。
（D）前一秒死亡，後一秒又活過來。
59 Why do Finney and his colleagues start a fire on purpose? （A）
（A）To better understand how fire spread
（B）To understand why fire is a man-made disaster
（C）To see how drones work in a wildfire
（D） To see how cameras are protected by an aluminum
為何費尼和他的同事故意放火？
（A）為了更瞭解火焰蔓延的原理。
（B）為了瞭解火乃是人為災禍的原因。
（C）為了看見無人機在野火中的運作情況。
（D）為了瞭解照相機被鋁材料保護的原理。
60 Which of the following statements is TRUE? （D）
（A）This history of fire is as old as human history.
（B）Humans know exactly how wildfires work.
（C）Over 80% of wildfires in the US are started by humans on purpose.
（D） The fire started by Finney is controlled and hence not destructive.
以下哪一個選項正確？
（A）火出現的歷史，和人類出現的歷史一樣悠久。
（B）人類已完全瞭解野火的燃燒原理。
（C）美國有80%以上的野火，都是由於人們存心的縱火行為而造成。
（D）費尼點燃的火焰受到良好控制，因此沒有破壞力。