111年內軌三等消防警察專業英文解析
以下是111年內軌三等消防警察英文解析，希望能幫助到同學：
一、中譯英：（10 分）
如果你在登山活動中意外迷途，你應該利用衛星定位儀確認你的受困坐標，再以手機或衛星電話告知搜救人員。若未攜帶上述儀器，應該尋找可以遮風避雨的避難處所，等待救援。
If you accidentally get lost during a hiking activity, you should locate the coordinate of the place where you are by using GPS. Next, tell the rescuers about your situation with your mobile phone and satellite phone. If the above instruments are not with you, look for a place of evacuation where you don’t need to get exposed to the rain and the wind, and then wait for the rescue.
二、英文作文：（15 分）
根據內政部調查，97 至 106 年建築物火災死亡人數 1,070 人，其中獨立住宅死亡 558 人最多，占 52.1%；集合住宅 185 人次之，占 17.3%，合計占 69.4%。為降低住宅火災死亡人數，內政部於 107 年 4 月 20日頒布「住宅防火對策 2.0」。請寫一篇 200 字左右的短文。文分兩段：第一段說明造成住宅火災的原因，第二段說明民眾應注意那些防火要點，以確保居家消防安全。
According to the statistics carried out by the National Fire Agency, there are two major causes of fire accidents in residential constructions. The first is improper use of electrical appliances and overheated stoves. Electrical fires happen due to the overloaded electrical circuits. Once short circuit is caused, flames would be generated from the plugs. On the other hand, when residents need to wait for a couple of minutes until some dishes are fully cooked, they would leave the kitchen temporarily, leaving the pots and cauldrons overheated. Finally, flames would be generated after pots and cauldrons have been boiled more than a couple of minutes
To avoid these crises, residents are responsible for absorbing the knowledge of fire prevention promoted by firefighters. Concerning the usage of electrical appliances, residents have to remind themselves to prevent the sockets from being overloaded with many plugs. When television sets, vacuum cleaners, and computers are not used, residents had better to unplug these electrical appliances. As for the kitchenware involved in fire, residents need to focus on the current status of the stove at all time. Falling asleep and leaving the kitchen would leave the stoves unattended, and the potential fires would bring about a tragedy. Just bear in mind that these principles would save both your lives and property.
41 A well-designed ____（B）___can help people travel quickly from any location in a building to a safe place in the event of a safety emergency.
(A) fire extinguisher (B)evacuation route
(C)foam nozzle (D) life detector
若是__________有經過良好設計，又遇上緊急狀況的話，就可幫助人們快速從大樓內的任何角落，逃離至安全的地方。
（A）滅火器 （B）逃生路線 （C）泡沫噴嘴 （D）生命探測儀
42 When a ___（A）____fire occurs, you are strongly advised to turn off the heat immediately and put a lid back on the frying pan to prevent a kitchen fire from growing into greater blaze.
(A) grease (B)bush (C)vehicle (D) garbage
若發生________火災，我們強烈建議你立即將火源關掉，將鍋蓋蓋在煎鍋上，以防止廚房小火擴大成巨大火焰。
（A）油（類） （B）灌木叢 （C）車輛 （D）垃圾
43 First ____（D）___refer to those professionals who are the first line of defense against disasters. They are among the first to arrive at the scene of an emergency and provide assistance to examine, analyze, weigh up, and cope with the hazardous situations. EMT is a case in point.
(A) aids (B)correspondents
(C)commanders (D) responders
第一__________，指的是站在第一線處理災害的人員。他們常身先士卒，出現在緊急事件現場再給予協助，隨後進行檢查，分析，斟酌，應對各種危險局勢。緊急救護技術員(EMT)便是典型的例子。
(A) 支援 （B）通信人員 （C）指揮官 （D）回應人員
44 Carrying out a rapid and correct ____（C）____of how the fire will affect the construction components of the buildings on the fire ground is a crucial skill for firefighters.
(A) treatment(B)handling (C)assessment (D) suppression
對消防人員而言，針對火災現場進行既快速又準確的事件_________，將影響大樓建築構造的存留與否，是極為重大的技能。
（A）治療 （B）操作 （C）評估 （D）抑制
45 EMTs were using the automated external defibrillators (AEDs) at the scene to revive people suffering from ____（C）____.
(A) bone fracture(B)asthma (C)cardiac arrest (D) food poisoning
緊急救護技術員一度在現場使用體外自動除顫器(AED)，將面臨________的人們從鬼門關救回來。
（A）骨折 （B）氣喘 （C）心臟驟停 （D）食物中毒
46 Sleeping with the bedroom door closed may help ____（B）____in case of fire, keeping smoke and flames out of your room for a while and gaining more time to get to safety.
(A) segregate (B)compartmentalize (C)separate (D) quarantine
在寢室睡覺時將門關上，且萬一發生火災的話，可達到_________的作用。暫時抽離房間內的煙霧和火焰至外頭，你安全的時刻就更多了。
（A）分離 （B）分隔 （C）分開 （D）隔離
47 The authorities concerned have announced that traffic will be ____（B）____through the side streets while the main road is resurfaced.
(A) deterred(B)diverted (C)obsessed (D) oppressed
有關當局已表示：當地的主要幹道有人員進行表面鋪設，因此車輛將_______至其他街道。
（A）威懾 （B）分流 （C）迷戀 （D）壓迫
48 These strategies adopted in the remaining chapters are reminiscent____（D）____ not new at all; they are of those we’ve already seen for decades.
(A) tedious(B)tentative (C)respective (D) reminiscent
剩下的章節中，這些戰略都是________，完全不是嶄新的內容。我們看到的這些戰略早已實施好幾十年了。
（A）單調的 （B）暫時的 （C）個別的 （D）有懷舊氣息的
49 Though she was comparatively young and inexperienced, she showed much ____（B）____and was promoted to manager after a year.
(A) hostility(B)initiative (C)monopoly (D) expenditure
雖然她相對而言較年輕，又不夠老練，但她展現的_________夠多，一年後就晉升為經理。
（A）敵意 （B）積極性 （C）壟斷 （D）開支
50 A succession of scandals and controversies has seriously ____（D）____the government’s prestige over the past few year.
(A) certified(B)navigated (C)acclaimed (D) undermined
過去一年來，一連串的醜聞和爭議已嚴重________了政府的聲譽。
（A）證實 （B）導航 （C）給予…高度評價 （D）摧毀
請依下文回答第 51 題至第 55 題：
Backdrafts are of great danger. They often 51____（D）____ even highly experienced firefighters. A backdraft can occur when a compartment fire has little or no 52____（C）____ . Due to this, little or no oxygen can flow into the compartment. Then, because fires 53____（A）___ oxygen, the oxygen concentration decreases. When the concentration becomes too low 54____（A）____ to support combustion, this may cause a phenomenon in which when material is heated enough, it begins to break down into smaller compounds, including hydrogen. However, the hydrogen and smoke remain at a hot 55____（B）____ enough to auto-ignite. If oxygen is then re-introduced to the compartment, e.g. by opening a door or window to a closed room, while the gasses are still hot enough to auto-ignite, combustion will often restart abruptly.
回燃現象具有高度危險性，往往51_______老練的消防員51________。如果發生隔間火災的地點52________不足，或者根本缺乏的話，流入的氧氣就極為殘缺，或者根本沒有氧氣。那麽，火災會53_______氧氣53_________，氧氣濃度就會下降。當含氧量變得太54________的話，無法再支撐燃燒的話，將會導致一種現象：火焰若將材料燃燒的足夠的話，將會把材料分解成更小的化合物，包括氫氣。然而，氫氣和煙霧若是持續保持在高55_______的狀態下，就足以自行燃燒。如果氧氣又重新再度引進隔間內部，像是將密閉空間的門窗打開時，此時氣體又熱到能夠發生自行燃燒的話，燃燒現象就會突如其來的再度發生。
51 (A) mourn(B)revere (C)delight (D) surprise
（A）哀悼 （B）尊敬 （C）使…感到欣喜 （D）使…嚇一跳
52 (A) existence(B)obligation (C)ventilation (D) manipulation
（A）存在 （B）義務 （C）通風 （D）操縱
53 (A) reduce(B)promote (C)provoke (D) strengthen
（A）減少 （B）推廣 （C）挑釁 （D）加強
54 (A) low(B)filled (C)dense (D) flooded
（A）低 （B）充滿的 （C）稠密 （D）淹水的
55 (A) prosperity(B)temperature (C)significance (D) resistance
（A）繁榮 （B）溫（度）（C）重要性 （D）抵抗
請依下文回答第 56 題至第 60 題：
More often, people have heard about PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) in the context of war, with combat -exposed veterans. While combat veterans often return to the normality of the civilian life after deployment, the job of firefighters, police officers and emergency medical services workers involves
regular, routine exposure to all types of traumas, for years and decades of their careers.
Research shows that 20% of firefighters pass the diagnostic threshold for PTSD at some point in their career. The symptoms developed include frequent nightmares, flashbacks, avoiding reminders of trauma and being easily startled. Depression, anxiety, and substance use are the consequences caused by
cumulative trauma exposure.
The problem-solving and “being in charge” work attitude that is a strength of firefighters can sometimes become a barrier in seeking help, as they might see vulnerability as a sign of failure. It is often heard from firefighters the feeling of shame and worries that others might see them as weak for sharing and discussing
the traumatic experience they have being through. Consequently, firefighters’ tough work ceases to be the conversation topic at their family dinner table.
Left unaddressed, trauma and chronic stress can lead to not only mental health consequences but also physical illness. Fortunately, serious efforts are being made to spread awareness and fight stigma related to mental health. A variety of programs are launched to fight stigma by explaining the mechanisms of
trauma and stress in the body and brain. This approach can also reframe these traumatic experiences as vulnerability rather than weakness. The “don’t quit” mentality of firefighters can be shifted toward encouraging fighting the mental health consequences of trauma, instead of avoiding and denying it.
人們對於後天創傷壓力症候群的情境，往往是來自那些經歷過戰爭，且親眼目睹交戰場景的老兵的敘述，那些老兵自戰場凱旋歸來，回歸公民身份的平常日子。但消防員，警察，提供緊急醫療的服務人員，卻在平時的勤務中，目睹了所有種類的場景後，他們就罹患創傷，且在他們日後的職業生涯中，這些創傷畫面，就刻在他們腦海中，揮之不去。
研究顯示：有20%的消防人員在他們職業中某個時間點上，已通過後天創傷壓力症候群的診斷性門檻。這些症候群包含夢魘，畫面閃現，逃避屢次出現的創傷，容易受驚等等。抑鬱症，焦慮，以及物質使用等情形，都是患者經歷持續性接觸創傷後，所導致的結果。
消防員解決問題以及“負責的”工作態度等力量特質，有時會成為他們尋求幫助的阻礙。原因在於他們會將脆弱的那一面，理解為失敗的信號。我們常常聽過消防員對於羞恥和擔憂的感受，他們往往在分享和討論自己親身經歷的創傷後，偏偏又被其他人認為自己很軟弱。也難怪消防員在和家人吃晚飯時，避免聊到艱苦工作內容等相關話題。
還未提到一點：創傷以及慢性壓力所造成的影響，不僅僅是心理健康後果而已，還有生理性疾病。慶幸的是，那些人員正在認真努力提高人們對於這類病症的認知，以及消弭那些和心理疾病相關的污名化現象。他們向人們解釋創傷機制還有身心靈壓力後，已發動各類的計劃，消弭那些污名化現象。這種方法可重新表達出：這些創傷經驗實際上是脆弱狀態，並非軟弱表現。消防員永不放棄的心態可轉換成鼓勵行動，再用來消弭創傷帶來的心理健康結果，而非一味的逃避和否認。
56 Which of the following is the most suitable title for this article?（D）
(A) The Danger of Substance Use
(B)The Unhappy Marriage of a Firefighter
(C)Beating Back Vulnerability
(D) Facing Up to PTSD
本文最佳標題為以下哪一個選項？
（A）物質濫用帶來的危險
（B）消防員的不快樂婚姻
（C）回擊脆弱的那一面
（D）面對後天創傷壓力症候群
57 What does “substance use” mean in this article? （A）
(A) Drug or alcohol dependence
(B)Using violence
(C)Impulse buying
(D) Using bad language
本文當中的詞語“物質使用”，是什麼意思？
（A）依賴藥物或酒精
（B）行使暴力
（C）衝動購物
（D）爆粗口
58 “Being in charge” work attitude in this article means that firefighters are usually asked to _________on the fire ground. （B）
(A) boss people around
(B)take complete control of the situation
(C)feel pleased about what they are doing
(D) leave the fire engine on charge
本文當中提到的“負責的”工作態度，意思是說：消防員常常奉命在火場___________。
（A）管理周邊的人士。
（B）對於發生的情勢，能夠完全掌控。
（C）為著他們的一切作為，感到高興。
（D）讓消防車保持運轉狀態。
59 Which of the following statements is TRUE? （D）
(A)When firefighters concede they are traumatized by what they have been through, they are admitting defeat.
(B) Sharing painful experience is tantamount to whining, so it is the last thing a brave firefighter should do.
(C) Combat veterans are more vulnerable to PTSD than firefighters, and the consequences are usually far more serious.
(D)Firefighters are advised to confront PTSD with the same courage and determination with which they beat back fire on the fire ground.
以下哪一個選項正確？
（A）當消防員承認自己是由於經歷的事件，而感覺遭遇創傷時，他們就是承認失敗。
（B）分享自身的痛苦經歷和哭哭啼啼沒兩樣，所以英勇的消防員不到最後一刻都別這樣做。
（C）親臨戰場的老兵，面對後天創傷壓力症候群時更加脆弱，且後果往往比消防員的遭遇情形更甚。
（D）專家常建議消防員用同等的勇氣，以及滅火時需要用到的意志力，回擊後天創傷壓力症候群這種病症。
60 When we say “there is a social stigma attached to PTSD,” it means there is a strong feeling in society that PTSD is something to be _____（A）_____.
(A) ashamed of(B)proud of (C)taken into account (D) complied with
當我們說：“後天創傷壓力症候群依舊被社會視為恥辱。”這句話時，意思是說：這個社會深深覺得後天創傷壓力症候群，是________的現象。
（A）丟人的
（B）驕傲的
（C）被列入考慮
（D）順從智慧