110年內軌三等消防警察的英文試題解析
以下是110年內軌三等消防警察的英文試題解析
希望為同學們帶來幫助：
一、中譯英：（10 分）
消防局呼籲市民，珍惜急救資源及防疫物資，當撥打 119 申請救護車時，請誠實且準確地回答派遣員之詢問，共同讓防疫零死角，保障第一線消防人員及市民之安全與健康。
The fire department urged people to cherish some resources of first-aid and fighting pandemic. When you call the ambulance by dialing 119, please respond to the dispatchers’ questions accurately and honestly to make sure that fighting pandemic would know no bounds. As a result, securities and health of firefighters and civilians would be guaranteed.
二、英文作文：（15 分）
今年臺灣遭逢 50 幾年未見的大旱，因為乾旱，容易導致火災發生，造成災害。面對氣候變遷，乾旱似乎是無法避免的。請寫一篇 200 字左右的作文，說明身為消防人員，如何未雨綢繆因應這種困境。作文中說明事項必須包括：平時如何儲存消防用水以備乾旱時使用，乾旱時如何加強預防火災之發生，救災時如何利用有限的水資源達到最大的效果。
In recent years, the occurrence of droughts has become more and more common, making daily amount of used water less and less available, including types of water applied to fire departments. Therefore, members of fire departments should come up with preventive tactics as early as possible.
To achieve this goal, officials of fire departments should try to store sufficient amount of water and gather it to some cisterns in peacetime. Planners should ponder the best strategy to obtain the maximum available waters from rivers, sea, groundwater, and so on. With the cooperation with the water corporation, they would regularly check the current status of stored water. By observing the changes of water level of various sources, they would be able to assess the next strategy to reasonably fetch water. When they respond some disasters, the most critical source of water should not be wasted until the last moment. Instead, they should fetch water from other facilities such as cisterns and swimming pools of a normal building.
If a small drought comes, members of fire departments should fetch water from a pond and a river of a village to extinguish fires. In the meantime, they should arouse villagers’ consciousness of fire prevention by urging them with propaganda.
41 Water stored in the fire truck’s tank can be ____（D）___through water lines or hoses when there is no water source.
(A) integrated (B) complicated(C)reversed (D) discharged
如果水源短缺，平時儲存於消防車水槽中的水，可通過水管或軟管_______。
（A）融合 （B）複雜的 （C）顛倒 （D）排出
42 Never leave a heater running when you are not at home. Many house fires are attributed to ___（A）____use of heaters.
(A) unsupervised (B) illustrated(C)disturbed (D) exchanged
你不在家時，絕不要讓暖氣運作，很多房屋的火災都是由於使用暖氣的情況並_________，才釀成火災。
（A）無人監督 （B）說明 （C）打擾 （D）交換
43 ___（C）____fireproof walls around your entire home is a great way to slow the spread of fires and protect your family.
(A) Appealing (B) Overflowing(C)Installing (D) Imposing
在你房屋________滿滿的防火牆是很棒的方法，可減緩火焰蔓延速度，保護家人。
（A）呼籲 （B）溢出 （C）設置 （D）將…強加於
44 All workplaces must have smoke ____（C）___that sound a warning to people when they sense the presence of smoke.
(A) containers (B) filters(C)detectors (D) mentors
所有職場中都要安裝煙霧________，若感應到煙霧存在，可向人們發出警告聲響。
（A）容器 （B）過濾器 （C）偵測器 （D）心靈導師
45 To prevent a small fire in your backyard, you should regularly remove dead and dry plant materials that could ____（A）___a fire.
(A) fuel (B) leak(C)seize (D) profit
為了避免後院發生火災，你應該定期將枯萎和乾燥的植物移走，否則會_______火災________。
（A）使得…燒的更旺 （B）漏出 （C）抓住 （D）有益於
46 Cooking fires are often caused by ____（B）___that are overheated on a stove or in an oven.
(A) flavors (B) greases(C)pitches (D) shades
在廚房做菜，若有爐子上方或烤箱當中的_________被過度加熱，常會釀成火災。
（A）口味 （B）油脂 （C）音高 （D）陰影
47 The fundamental principle of fire ____（D）___is to actively attempt to change the pressure conditions prevailing in a burning building with a view to releasing fire gases.
(A) commotion (B) furor(C)smudge (D) ventilation
火災_______的基本原則，是要改變助長大樓火災的壓力條件，達到釋出火災氣體的目的。
（A）騷動 （B）狂熱 （C）污染痕跡 （D）通風
48 In the UK, a fire ___（D）____is a person who helps a fire safety officer in their work, for example, by making sure that employees leave a building safely if there is a fire.
(A) carabiner (B) chauffeur(C)monitor (D) marshal
在英國，________是負責執勤中協助維護火災安全的人士。例如，在大樓發生火災時，確保員工能安全離開大樓。
（A）鉤子 （B）私人司機 （C）監視器 （D）消防局長
49 There are two main types of ____（A）___: stored pressure and cartridge operated.
(A) fire extinguishers (B) pumper trucks(C)rubber nozzles
(D) smoke detectors
________可分為兩個主要種類：專門儲存壓力的種類，還有操作卡盤的則是另一類。
（A）滅火器 （B）泵車 （C）橡膠噴嘴 （D）煙霧探測器
50 The fire was thought to have been caused by a gas ____（C）____.
(A) antipathy (B) aversion(C)explosion (D) unanimity
大家認為，這場火災是由於煤氣（瓦斯）_______而造成的。
（A）反感 （B）厭惡 （C）爆炸 （D）一致同意
請依下文回答第 51 題至第 55 題：
One of the primary risks of being a firefighter is that of personal physical injury. Firefighters are susceptible to burns, smoke 51___（C）____ and crush injuries from collapsing structures. They can suffer fromheat exhaustion, as well as long-term job-related illnesses such as asthma, persistent coughing, heart disease, cancer and lung damage. 52 ___（C）____the highly physical nature of the job, all matter of bodily harm can befall firefighters in the line of duty. Some physical fallout from the profession may not materialize 53____（B）___years down the road. In addition to the physical perils, firefighters face the potential for mental trauma, particularly in situations involving mass 54 ___（A）____. As first responders on the scene, firefighters and other rescue personnel are often faced with the high stress, high stakes environment of trying to attend to as many people as possible, remove them from danger and assist in aiding treatment, often 55____（C）____ their duties in tenuous or unfolding situations. The elevated stress levels don’t always dissipate when they leave the scene.
當上消防員的主要風險，便是每個成員可能遭遇身體傷害。消防員容易面臨燒傷，51________煙霧，以及在坍塌大樓中發生的擠壓等等傷害。熱衰竭，以及像是氣喘，持續咳嗽，心臟病，癌症，以及肺部傷害等等長期職業病，都會造成他們生理上的痛苦。52________這是講求高度體力的職業，消防員執行任務時，一切的生理傷害都能使得他們身體衰弱，而這門職業對身體產生的影響，要53_______幾年後才會出現。除了面臨到生理危險外，消防員還得面臨罹患心理創傷的可能性，尤其是牽涉到大量54__________的情況下更會發生。作為出現於現場的第一反應人員，那些消防員以及其他救援人員，試圖用最大努力照料多數民眾，將他們帶離危險場所，協助他們接受醫療，而常常面臨高度壓力和好風險的環境，無論狀況多脆弱，或是變得猛烈起來，他們依舊要55_________職責，就算他們離開現場好了，他們的壓力指數還是不斷升高，且壓力未必能夠消停下來。
51 (A) adaptation (B) hallucination(C)inhalation (D) manifestation
（A）適應 （B）幻想 （C）吸入 （D）顯示
52 (A) Apart from (B) Compared with(C)Due to (D) Similar to
（A）除了…以外 （B）和…相比 （C）由於（D）和…類似
53 (A) since (B) until(C)while (D) yet
（A）自從 （B）直到 （C）正當…時 （D）尚未
54 (A) casualties (B) maneuvers(C)operations (D) utilizations
（A）傷亡 （B）機動演習 （C）操作 （D）使用
55 (A) acted on (B) being done(C)performing (D) to tackle
（A）採取行動 （B）完事、完成 （C）行使 （D）處理
（D）選項似乎也正確，但（C）選項的助動詞和前方的high stakes environment of trying to …的trying（嘗試）達成一致的語意更符合。因此選（C）。
請依下文回答第 56 題至第 60 題：
The inferno of tragic fires in California in 2018 destroyed thousands of homes, incinerated hundreds of thousands of acres, and killed many people. Some of these California fires were ignited intentionally.
A 51 year-old man has been charged with starting the Southern California Holy Fire. A 32 year-old man has been linked to five California fires. What sort of person is compelled by pyromania to kill, terrorize, destroy lives and property, and devastate the beauty of nature with fire? Arson can be used as a weapon of revenge or motivated by some other conniving, covert, destructive aim, but fire-setting is also an irresistible compulsion for some, recognized as a form of mental illness. More research is needed, but typically, fire-setting is viewed not as a distinct disorder, but as a behavior that stems from another deep-seated pathology.
Fire-setters appear to be a discrete group of criminal offenders with a distinguishing constellation of psychological characteristics. This suggests the necessity of specialized treatment to target these
individuals in prison and before they become offenders. A small study of 63 male and female patients with a history of deliberate fire-setting, published by Tyler and her colleagues in 2018, has tracked the efficacy of intervention programs for the mentally disordered offenders. The results suggest that the treatments significantly reduced the compulsion to start fires, but far more research is necessary to extend and confirm this small-scale study.
Views toward arsonists have changed over time, according to a 2018 review of pyromania in Western Europe between the years of 1800-1950, by Lydia Dalhuisen, a criminologist at Ultrecht University. The data show the pendulum swinging back and forth from being viewed as a crime to being regarded as a mental illness. If viewed as an illness, punishing arsonists for a form of insanity becomes an ethical dilemma, but there is no doubt that more needs to be done to reduce the horrific destruction by fire that society is suffering. Increased support for psychological research and greater mental health services would
seem to provide an effective and easily attainable way to fight this inferno.
2018年在加州發生的悲劇性大火，已焚燬了好幾千個房屋，成千上萬英畝的土地已被燒成焦土，也有很多人喪生，一部分的火災還是出於縱火犯蓄意防火而釀成的。
有人控告一名51歲的中年男性釀成南加州的火，也有一名35歲的男子被牽連至加州火災。究竟是什麼樣的人有縱火狂傾向，用火藉以殺害，恐嚇別人，毀壞別人財產，又將大自然的美感摧毀殆盡呢？縱火，是縱火犯出於縱容，隱性，和破壞性的目標，再用火作為武器而搞出來的復仇行為。但是縱火也是一部分歹徒抗拒不了的強迫行為，專家認為這是一種心理疾病。我們需要更多研究，但通常來說，縱火並非一種明顯的病症，而是出於深層病理學的一種行為特徵。
縱火犯看來是一個離散的犯罪團體，心理特徵很是明顯，這就說明有必要在他們縱火之前，對這些患者進行特殊治療。而在2018年，泰勒和她的同事將63名有蓄意縱火歷史的男女作為對象，發表了一項小型研究。結果顯示：治療效果已大大降低了他們想縱火的衝動心理，但是若要進一步擴展小規模研究，再進行拓展的話，還需要更多研究。
而2018年，來自烏特勒滋大學的犯罪學家，Lydia Dalhuisen，已對1800年至1950年在西歐釀成瘋狂縱火事件的歹徒行為，進行了論述，且人們對於這些說明的觀點也隨著事件推移產生了變化。數據顯示：這種病症就像鐘擺一樣來回擺動，從前被視為犯罪行為，現今卻變成一種精神疾病，如果以疾病看待的話，那懲戒縱火犯的瘋狂行為，將成為一種道德窘境，但是毫無疑問，若要減少社會正發生的可怕縱火行為，需要花費更多心力才能達成，要用來對抗這場縱火的煉獄的話，且如果心理研究以及更多心理健康服務能達到更多支持的話，那麽較有效率的方法就能唾手可得了。
56 What is the best title of this passage? （C）
(A) Ways to Prevent Wildfires.
(B) Facts about Mental Illness.
(C) Inside the Mind of an Arsonist.
(D) History of Deliberate Fire-setting.
以下哪一個選項，適合作為此文最佳標題？
（A）預防野火的方法。
（B）關於心理疾病的事實。
（C）縱火犯的內心心理
（D）蓄意縱火的犯罪歷史
57 Which of the following is true about California fires in 2018? （B）
(A) Some of the tragic fires are caused by campers.
(B) A man is found to be related to several fires.
(C) The Southern California Holy Fire is reported to have started accidentally.
(D) The environmental policies of California are the major causes of the fires.
關於發生於2018年的加州大火，以下哪一個選項正確？
（A）部分悲劇性火災是由於露營遊客造成的。
（B）有一個人被牽扯至好幾場火災中。
（C）南加州聖火以意外的方式呈現於報導中。
（D）加州的環境警察人員，正是火災的罪魁禍首。
58 What does the word “pathology” mean? （A）
(A) The study of diseases. (B) The science of crimes.
(C) Showing sympathy. (D) Feeling of anger.
以下詞語“病理學”是什麼意思？
（A）針對疾病的研究
（B）犯罪科學
（C）展現同情心
（D）感到憤怒
59 Which of the following is true about the research of Tyler and her colleagues in 2018? （A）
(A) They find that psychological treatments can be helpful to fire-setting patients.
(B) They suggest to put the arsonists in prison before they become offenders.
(C) The study is about the history of the development of criminology.
(D) The study involves a large number of male and female participants.
關於2018年泰勒和她的同事進行的研究，以下哪一個選項正確？
（A）他們發現到用心理治療治癒縱火犯，是很有效的。
（B）他們建議警方趁縱火犯縱火前，先將他們拘禁在牢裏。
（C）此研究主要著重於犯罪學的發展歷史
（D）有大量男女對象參與此研究。
60 What is the main idea of the last paragraph? （D）
(A) The psychological study on arsonists has been a heated subject of criminology.
(B) The government is not putting enough effort into fighting against fire-setters.
(C) Lydia Dalhuisen’s review in 2018 is an important study on pyromania.
(D) The question of whether arson is a crime or an illness is still in dispute.
此文最後一段的主旨是？
（A）這項針對縱火犯的心理研究，使得犯罪學成為高度熱門的學科。
（B）政府打擊縱火犯成效還不夠。
（C）對於瘋狂縱火的行為，2018年，Lydia Dalhuisen於2018年作出的研究很重要。
（D）縱火究竟是犯罪行為還是病症，至今仍在爭辯中。